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      Excel VLOOKUP 函数
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        <p>VLOOKUP 函数在指定单元格区域的第一列查找指定的查找值，返回所在行中指定列的值。</p>
<p>VLOOKP 函数以简洁的语法、易懂的原理和强大的查找功能，深得用户的喜爱和肯定。在日常工作中，使用频率极高。</p>
<p>简单地说，VLOOKUP 函数根据给定的一个值，在目标区域的第一列查找并匹配出该值，之后返回该值所在行指定列的数据。</p>
<h2 id="函数基础"><a href="#函数基础" class="headerlink" title="函数基础"></a>函数基础</h2><h3 id="适用版本"><a href="#适用版本" class="headerlink" title="适用版本"></a>适用版本</h3><p>Excel 2003+</p>
<h3 id="说明"><a href="#说明" class="headerlink" title="说明"></a>说明</h3><p>VLOOKUP 函数在指定单元格区域的第一列查找指定的查找值，返回所在行中指定列的值。</p>
<h3 id="返回值"><a href="#返回值" class="headerlink" title="返回值"></a>返回值</h3><p>匹配的值。</p>
<h3 id="语法"><a href="#语法" class="headerlink" title="语法"></a>语法</h3><figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num,[range_lookup])</span><br><span class="line">=VLOOKUP(查找值, 单元格区域, 列数, [匹配模式])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="参数"><a href="#参数" class="headerlink" title="参数"></a>参数</h3><ul>
<li>Lookup_value 必需。 需在指定单元格区域中查找的值。</li>
<li>Table_array 必需。 在其中查找数据的数组或单元格区域， 使用对区域或区域名称的引用。</li>
<li>Col_index_num 必需。 table_array 中将返回的匹配值的列号。</li>
<li>Range_lookup 可选。 一个逻辑值，指定查找精确匹配值还是近似匹配值。<ul>
<li>如果为 TRUE 或省略，则返回近似匹配值。 如果找不到精确匹配值，则返回小于 lookup_value 的最大值。</li>
<li>如果为 False，则将查找精确匹配值。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="要点"><a href="#要点" class="headerlink" title="要点"></a>要点</h3><ul>
<li>如果函数找不到 lookup_value，且 range_lookup 为 TRUE，则返回小于 lookup_value 的最大值。</li>
<li>如果 range_lookup 为 FALSE 且 lookup_value 为文本，则可以在 lookup_value 中使用通配符（问号 (?) 和星号 (*)）。<ul>
<li>问号匹配任意单个字符；</li>
<li>星号匹配任意一串字符。</li>
<li>如果要查找实际的问号或星号，请在字符前键入波形符 (~)。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="基础实例"><a href="#基础实例" class="headerlink" title="基础实例"></a>基础实例</h3><p><strong>例1：</strong>使用VLOOKUP函数精确查找</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_cb4f7742dac533a36a16cbdcfb6fc185.png"></p>
<p><strong>例2：</strong>使用VLOOKUP函数模糊查找</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_087f2515a91017d4351877e0ec58553a.png"></p>
<h3 id="可能出现的错误"><a href="#可能出现的错误" class="headerlink" title="可能出现的错误"></a>可能出现的错误</h3><ul>
<li>#N&#x2F;A<ul>
<li>如果未找到匹配的值时；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>#REF!<ul>
<li>如果参数列号大于数据区域中的列数时；</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>#VALUE!<ul>
<li>如果提供的列号小于1或者不是数字类型；</li>
<li>如果提供的[range_lookup]参数不是逻辑值（TRUE或FALSE）。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="其他"><a href="#其他" class="headerlink" title="其他"></a>其他</h3><p>更多信息及示例请参考<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://support.office.com/zh-cn/article/VLOOKUP-%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0-0BBC8083-26FE-4963-8AB8-93A18AD188A1">微软Office网站</a>。</p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="图解查找原理"><a href="#图解查找原理" class="headerlink" title="图解查找原理"></a>图解查找原理</h2><p>假设现在有如下图示数据，员工入职信息。现需要根据员工姓名，查找该员工入职日期。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_b3143216b43ca922b0fbd5e5df11fde3.png"></p>
<p>首先给出查找公式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">=VLOOKUP( B17, B3:F12, 4, FALSE)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使用 VLOOKUP 函数查找步骤和原理分解如下。</p>
<p><strong>第一步</strong>：首先需要指定需要查找的值，这个例子中是「员工7」，即 B17。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_4d6f3c53a28c2ac732433aa620449ecc.png"></p>
<p><strong>第二步</strong>：之后需要输入查找区域，这个例子中是从 B3 到 F12 的区域，即 B3:F12。VLOOKUP 将在这个区域的第一列查找上一步指定的值。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_6e2596f331df837b0d5bc3f7f74eae26.png"></p>
<p><strong>第三步</strong>：我们需要的返回值在区域中的第几列，这个例子中是第 4 列。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_5e313629ca87e25ea4a7f074f90c23e8.png"></p>
<p><strong>第四步</strong>：最后需要指定匹配模式，在这里我们使用精确匹配，即 FALSE（或0）。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_51a862e5e4d2fc8ef470c83b12f67ed9.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h2><p>使用相似的步骤，继续写一个VLOOKUP函数，可以查找已知员工入职部门。公式如下：</p>
<p> <code>=VLOOKUP( B17, B3:F12, 3, FALSE)</code></p>
<p>根据查找区域得知，「入职部门」是区域的第 3 列，所以将返回值列改成 3 即可。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_dd452ff3c49edfd0dc58246420b20659.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<h2 id="注意事项"><a href="#注意事项" class="headerlink" title="注意事项"></a>注意事项</h2><p><strong>1.确保查找值和查找区域第一列数据类型一致。</strong></p>
<p>Excel 认为两种数据类型的数据时不相同的。虽然在表上两个数据「看起来」相同，但是数据类型不一致时，VLOOKUP函数无法匹配。</p>
<p><strong>2.「锁住」查找区域。</strong></p>
<p>很多时候，使用VLOOKUP函数写的公式，会被复制到其他区域。如果查找区域是相对引用方式的话，复制过后，查找区域会发生变化，出现无法匹配的错误。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_8e3b54df47071d696ecf3ea0df599490.png"></p>
<p><strong>3.明确指定匹配模式，不建议省略。</strong></p>
<p>VLOOKUP函数第四个参数是可选参数，如果省略不输入，Excel 使用默认值 TRUE，即近似匹配。但是绝大部分情况下，我们需要精确匹配，如果我们省略该参数，很有可能出现意想不到的结果。错误情况也不容易被发现。</p>
<p><img src="https://university-oss-2022.oss-cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com/easyexcel/uploads/im_4be3008e36449151f3478f20e2bb8ef1.png"></p>

      
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